How to Repot an Orchid: A Step-by-Step Guide

Learn how to repot an orchid with this detailed guide. Discover when to repot, the materials you need, and step-by-step instructions to ensure your orchid thrives

Part 1: Knowing Your Orchid

1. Determine Whether It's Time to Repot
The ideal time to repot an orchid is immediately after it finishes flowering and begins to produce new growth. However, repotting is not necessary every time this happens. Generally, orchids should be repotted about once a year. Signs that indicate repotting is needed include:

• Roots Growing Over the Pot: If numerous roots dangle over the pot, the orchid needs more room.
• Rotting Roots: Soft, brown roots that appear soggy indicate poor drainage and require repotting.
• Plant Overgrowth: If the plant leans significantly over the edge of the pot, it's time for a larger pot.
• Falling Bottom Leaves: This may signal the need for fresh potting material.

2. Avoid Overzealous Repotting
Repot only when necessary, as frequent repotting can disrupt the plant's growth cycle. If the orchid looks healthy and well-contained, postpone repotting for another year. Orchids tolerate slight overcrowding better than premature repotting.

3. Choose the Right Potting Material
Most orchids are epiphytic, meaning they grow on surfaces rather than in soil. Using regular potting soil can harm them. Consider these options:

• Sphagnum Moss, Orchid Bark, or Bark Mixture: Suitable for most epiphytic orchids.
• Packaged Orchid Mix: Ideal for general use when unsure of the specific orchid type.
• Terrestrial Orchids: Require a soil mix with high perlite and wood content for water retention. Check with your nursery for recommendations.

4. Select an Appropriate Pot
Choose a pot 1–2 inches larger than the current one. Orchids prefer snug containers to focus on blooming rather than excessive root growth.

• Drainage Holes: Essential to prevent root rot; consider pots with side holes for added drainage.
• Transparent Pots: Beneficial for Phalaenopsis orchids, allowing roots to photosynthesize.
• Large Pots: If unavoidable, add broken terracotta chips at the bottom to improve drainage.

Part 2: Preparing Materials

1. Measure Out the Potting Mix
Fill the new pot with orchid potting mix, then transfer it to a larger container. Soak the mix in water overnight to enhance moisture retention.

2. Soak the Mix in Hot Water
Use hot water to fill the container, ensuring better absorption. Allow the mix to cool to room temperature before use.

3. Strain the Potting Mix
Drain the mix using a strainer or cheesecloth, and rinse with warm water to remove dust.

4. Remove the Orchid from Its Old Pot
Gently lift the orchid, loosening each root individually. If roots stick to the pot, use sterilized scissors or a knife to free them.

• Sterilize Tools: Wipe scissors or knives with rubbing alcohol to prevent disease.

5. Clean the Roots
Remove old potting material and trim away rotten or dead roots. Use your fingers to untangle the roots carefully.

6. Sterilize the New Pot
If reusing a pot, clean it with boiling water to eliminate toxins and pathogens. Add terracotta pieces or packing peanuts to large pots for better drainage.

Part 3: Repotting the Orchid

1. Position the Orchid in the New Pot
Place the older growth near the bottom and newer growth near the sides to allow room for expansion. The top of the root mass should remain at the same level as in the previous pot.

2. Add Potting Mix
Gradually pour the potting mix around the roots, shaking or tapping the pot to settle the mix. Avoid pressing too firmly to prevent root damage. Ensure no large air pockets remain.

3. Ensure Stability
Secure the orchid so it stands upright. Use stakes or clips to prevent the plant from falling or growing crookedly.

4. Resume Normal Care
Place the repotted orchid in a temperate spot with partial shade. Follow watering and care practices specific to your orchid species.

With proper planning and careful handling, repotting can rejuvenate your orchid and support its healthy growth. Following these steps ensures that your orchid continues to thrive and produce beautiful blooms.